Check nearby libraries Library. Share this book Facebook. Last edited by ImportBot. August 28, History. An edition of The Norton anthology of Western literature This edition was published in by W. Norton in New York. Written in English. Subjects Literature , Literature, collections. The Norton anthology of Western literature , W. Libraries near you: WorldCat.
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Loading Related Books. Norton in English Norton in English X May 16, Edited by Lisa. August 6, Chaucer compares the Wife of Bath's husbands to the husbands of the Samaritan woman at the well p. Cite the text in your bibliography by writing the author's last name, followed by the first initial and a period. Write after the author's name. Write the title of the text, capitalizing only the first letter of the title and any proper nouns.
If there is no author, write the title followed by If there is a cited translator, write the translator's first initial and last name in parentheses, followed by "Trans. Greenblatt, M.
Abrams, A. David, B. Lewalski, L. Lipking, G. Simpson Eds. Write the title of the volume, capitalizing only the first letter. Marlowe, C. Religious divisions were accompanied by political divisions in medieval Islam; this led to their being a number of political and religious centers such as Damascus Syria , Baghdad Iraq , and Cairo Egypt.
Despite variations among Islamic cultures, they all shared Arabic as a common language, which helped to enable to exchange of ideas. The early Islamic empire fell to Mongol invaders in the thirteenth century. The Mongols, however, converted to Islam. They too would eventually fall when the Ottoman Empire consolidated its power in the eastern Mediterranean in the fifteenth century. One particularly rich source of literary and mythological influence on early Islam was Persia modern-day Iran, though the Persian Empire stretched well beyond this.
Persian influence continued into the Ottoman Empire based in modern-day Turkey , which held Persian art and language in high esteem. This identification, which is common today, did not emerge until the late Middle Ages. Early Christian Europe relied almost exclusively on Latin as the language of science, the arts, politics, and religion.
It was not until the twelfth century that local, or vernacular languages, became more commonly used for anything but daily conversation. The simplistic opposition of Christian versus non-Christian has had horrible historic consequences, and it permeated the Christian literature of the Middle Ages.
Central to medieval Western literature became the figure of the knight and, more specifically, the crusading knight. His public deeds were epic and chivalrous, his private deeds romantic and gentlemanly. Late medieval literature began to be written in vernacular languages i. However, many authors of the medieval period still held the legacy of Roman culture and literature to be deeply important.
This foreshadows what would become a defining characteristic of the next literary age—the Renaissance—which was named for the so-called rebirth of Greek and Roman literary and philosophical ideas. Europe and the New World: Early Modernity The Renaissance was a time of well-defined, and often restrictive, social roles. In contrast to the immediate and grand action common in much medieval literature, writing of the Renaissance often features characters engaged in introspective reflection. The Renaissance was a time of great scientific and geographical discovery, as is reflected in the literature of the period.
New theories of the cosmos were being formulated by the likes of Copernicus and Galileo , and European explorers like Columbus were navigating the globe. The invention of the movable-type printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in meant that new ideas about the world could be printed and communicated more widely than ever before.
Charles, the king of Spain, was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in as Spain, a devoutly Christian nation, became a dominant power, thanks largely to a modernized army outfitted with guns and cannons.
The New World was understood by the majority of Europeans, particularly those in power, as there to be used, exploited, and converted to Christianity. Indigenous populations suffered great abuse at the hands of European powers, though some writers including both indigenous and European voices argued for more just treatment of New World cultures.
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